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- <text id=94TT0865>
- <title>
- Jul. 04, 1994: To Our Readers
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Jul. 04, 1994 When Violence Hits Home
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- TO OUR READERS, Page 4
- James R. Gaines, Managing Editor
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Every week at time there is at least one story that places
- special demands on our journalistic conscience, one decision
- that calls out for especially rigorous scrutiny. Sometimes the
- challenge is knowing which decision that is. The O.J. Simpson
- story presented us with one of those challenges.
- </p>
- <p> That fast-breaking story taxed every journalistic resource of
- this magazine, from the correspondents in Los Angeles and Chicago
- to the reporters, writers, picture editors and art directors
- in New York City. All of them performed superbly in dealing
- with a story fraught with ethical complications--among them
- issues of privacy, protection of sources and the presumption
- of innocence. At the end of the day they produced a combination
- of pictures and text that was both journalistically responsible
- and, in terms of reportage, second to none.
- </p>
- <p> Then came the decision that is in a way the culmination of every
- week: the choice of a cover. We had commissioned a painting
- of Simpson by Greg Spalenka, we had an abundance of photographs
- to choose from, and at 2 a.m. EDT on Saturday, the Los Angeles
- police department released a mug shot. We prepared all of these
- options as covers and at the same time decided to commission
- another artist's portrait, using the mug shot as a starting
- point. For this assignment we turned to Matt Mahurin, a master
- of photo-illustration (using photography as the basis for work
- in another medium, in this case a computerized image). Mahurin
- had done numerous other TIME cover portraits in the same genre,
- including the one of Kim Il Sung two weeks earlier.
- </p>
- <p> He had only a few hours, but I found what he did in that time
- quite impressive. The harshness of the mug shot--the merciless
- bright light, the stubble on Simpson's face, the cold specificity
- of the picture--had been subtly smoothed and shaped into an
- icon of tragedy. The expression on his face was not merely blank
- now; it was bottomless. This cover, with the simple, nonjudgmental
- headline "An American Tragedy," seemed the obvious, right choice.
- </p>
- <p> I have looked at thousands of covers over the years and chosen
- hundreds. I have never been so wrong about how one would be
- received. In the storm of controversy over this cover, several
- of the country's major news organizations and leading black
- journalists charged that we had darkened Simpson's face in a
- racist and legally prejudicial attempt to make him look more
- sinister and guilty, to portray him as "some kind of animal,"
- as the N.A.A.C.P.'s Benjamin Chavis put it. A white press critic
- said the cover had the effect of sending him "back to the ghetto."
- Others objected to the fact that the mug shot had been altered
- at all, arguing that photographs, particularly news photos,
- should never be altered.
- </p>
- <p> First, it should be said (I wish it went without saying) that
- no racial implication was intended, by TIME or by the artist.
- One could argue that it is racist to say that blacker is more
- sinister, and some African Americans have taken that position
- in the course of this dispute, but that does not excuse insensitivity.
- To the extent that this caused offense to anyone, I deeply regret
- it.
- </p>
- <p> Nor did we intend any imputation of guilt. We were careful to
- avoid that in our story, but for at least some people, this
- cover picture was worth several thousand words.
- </p>
- <p> The issues surrounding photo-illustration, particularly with
- regard to news photos, are much more complex. To a certain extent,
- our critics are absolutely right: altering news pictures is
- a risky practice, since only documentary authority makes photography
- of any value in the practice of journalism. On the other hand,
- photojournalism has never been able to claim the transparent
- neutrality attributed to it. Photographers choose angles and
- editors choose pictures to make points, after all (should President
- Clinton be smiling this week, or frowning?). And every major
- news outlet routinely crops and retouches photos to eliminate
- minor, extraneous elements, so long as the essential meaning
- of the picture is left intact. Our critics felt that Matt Mahurin's
- work changed the picture fundamentally; I felt it lifted a common
- police mug shot to the level of art, with no sacrifice to truth.
- Reasonable people may disagree about that. If there was anything
- wrong with the cover, in my view, it was that it was not immediately
- apparent that this was a photo-illustration rather than an unaltered
- photograph; to know that, a reader had to turn to our contents
- page or see the original mug shot on the opening page of the
- story. But making that distinction clearer will not end the
- debate over the manipulation of photographs. Nor should it.
- No single set of rules will ever cover all possible cases. It
- will remain, as it has always been, a matter of subjective judgment.
- </p>
- <p> Just for the record, the photographs in the cover story and
- on the cover of this week's issue are all by award-winning photographer
- Donna Ferrato, a meticulous documentarian who has spent the
- past 13 years of her life taking pictures of domestic abuse.
- In this case, it is almost painful to report that none of her
- pictures have been altered in any way.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-